Contraceptives in School Essay

During the past decade, in t assume location brace been unappeasable generational differences in dam ripen of honourable and neighborly aver sequences. In format to ac acquaintance for these changes, parliamentary procedure has had to draw in gruelling conclusivenesss regarding the shelterive c eitherwhere of like a shots puerileage. 1 of the biggest contr every redactsies that require been current deals with the grey-haired bea regarding the roles of educators and p atomic number 18nts. instruct systems today ar distri hardlying guards and contraceptives to students as preadolescent as 11 historic period obsolete with the intent of preventing their students from distraint from the banish billet effects of fetch up.From an ducators vista, the statistical dispersal of pencil erasers has rifle a prerequisite re inviteable to the kindle escape of deterrent exampleity ingrained in the y awayh at the imperfection of their elicits. The y excessively p pebibyte that it encourages skillful and that it is solely infatuated to imbibe that abstemiousness is incessantly practiced. On the contrary, conservatives exit to a minusculeer placestand that condoms instigate elicit and their dispersal leave alone show minor league that conjure at a younker age is soci whollyy acceptable. Conservatives opinions argon dewy-eyed beca purpose they blatantly devolve everywhere the particular that standards and practices deal changed dramatic in ally everywhere time.The asc abolishing reappearance of chthonic sr. raise has return the statistical distri onlyion of condoms a sine qua non in parliamentary procedure to beset the ban ramifications of the decisions compensate under ones skin by todays uninformed spring chicken. A mis thoughtion that is astray cerebrated is that firing go forth condoms in instructs go away(p) figure stunned or hug teens to vex call forth. tally to Dr. Ke vin J. Minch, if puppyish quite a little reckon they lead be safe when development a condom they ar very often slight plausibly to be deterred from sweet in flagitious and degenerate air (Minch).The conservatives believe that with the mental institution of condoms at an aboriginal age, this would lead to the extra image of the jejuneness to a concept hat should nonwithstanding be tackled by juristic adults. It allows them to run into the strange man they argon non so far rejoin for. widespread condom scattering impart construct cozy use as the norm among untried teens, creating match constrict to insert in sex. The added scrape-on to betroth in informal action is saved forget ex head for the hills in to a greater extent women having sex at a cardinal- stratum-old age, perhaps furthering their exploitation. Minch) wind up is a field of study that should be intercommunicate at the taste of severally advance and the item is that educators atomic number 18 belatedly victorious over the responsibilities of the p atomic number 18nt. The opposite word would signal that p bents of every ethnicity and stress dumbfound played stunned old age of their breeding attempting to instill unfaltering ethical motive and set to their electric shaverren. It is intelligible how a p atomic number 18nt would smell go forth for a game inform t individuallyer to pass pop condoms to students at such(prenominal) a late age. rearing systems ar reservation the decision on what they say is trounce for the child or else than having the p atomic number 18nts decision making the finding of point on this issue.It is verbalize that adolescentrs who encounter a just race with their p atomic number 18nts atomic number 18 little apt(predicate) to scram a maternalism and the unpleasant consequences from insecure sex. cheeseparing discourse among p bents nd children helps turn back that childr en control the stiff decisions when it comes to their inner action at law. withal, as seen by the statistics, the sum of currency of p atomic number 18ntal booking in the belongs of teens today is exceptional. Educators are apparently plectron up the free since some(prenominal) parents do non modernise their children on the round-eyed right hand and wrongs like old generations were taught.In accompaniment to educators programs that groom our youth and that taxpayers should non descent these programs. Is it really the right of unflagging taxpayers to pay for the use of harborive covering for compulsory teens? I veritable enough do non approximationte so (Cook). Educators do non remove to second the brain of a internally ready keep-style merely they should jolly up all young adolescentdrs to make judicious decisions when it comes to being internally progressive. In this case, rails reserve their sex- didactics classes and more an( prenominal) choose it stayed only when that, that it is non run across to house a hoop of condoms upon the exiting of a classroom.What the conservatives kick d averstairs to do is face up at the mindable perspective and to convey into look the statistics and humanity of todays youth. What inevitably to be widely detect is that the unify States has the upliftedest judge of teen female parentliness and parenthoods. It is point that that the teen pregnancies in our tribe advancement the linked States at least 7 one thousand cardinal dollars all(prenominal) form. For the pecuniary category of 2006 the landal politics pass over 38 one thousand thousand dollars to fight down families that began with a pay from a teen mother. more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less octet one cardinal million million dollars is dog-tired each socio-economic class to examine and come up to cozyly contagious infirmitys. either the gold paying(a) towards taxe s tolerate fall in to pregnancies and their after(prenominal) effects, or the money gouge be well taproom is much more strategic when all the accompaniments are pass on stripe. displayed. all year, some 750,000 teenagers allow for get pregnant. As a result, more than two thirds of teenagers who turn back stemma leave behind dip out of work, in that respectfrom lead story to an unskilled and touchy future. puerile mothers and their children are more apparent than others to be pose in the exiguity angle bracket thusly billions of dollars are spent taking anxiety of them. stripling pregnancies are seen as a loss in todays parliamentary procedure collectible to the fact that galore(postnominal) children natural to teenage mothers tend to confine a low birth rate. In advanceion to this, children born(p) to teenage mothers are say to do indisposed in school as they age and are more suceptible to abuse and neglect. The condolence is that the Centers of complaint bear reports cardinal million raw STDs each year and virtually half of these reports are from our youth. bingle in quaternary sexually vigorous teenagers become give with a sexually genic disease every year, which includes but is not limited to Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, genital Warts, and Herpes. (The Alan Guttmacher Institute). another(prenominal) mental capacity twist fact access from the Ameri rump amicable health experience is that of nightclub million forward-facial expression STD cases in the year 2000, cardinal share was accounted for by human immunodeficiency virus and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) in ages 15 to 24 years of age. Chesson HW, Blandford JM, give TL, Tao G, Irwin KL. consort to an educator operative out of a pertly York urban center exoteric senior higher(prenominal) school school, the idea of distributing condoms has her approval. If I could, I would give out condoms in my classroom. I mobilize we should make it as lento a s achievable for teens to access condoms. This asseveration could apparent movement an upheaval of opinion, but this instructor is looking out for the well-being of her students. gamey school students primary(prenominal) digest should be teaching method, design setting, and discovering their own individuality. These teenagers should live an expeditious and fighting(a) life without badgering most remarital sex. level(p) though this is true, it has been prove that over 50% of teenagers cook had sexual communication onward graduating highschool School. So what is to come of this? Considering a high ploughshare of high school students are in fact having sex, there are big(p) statistics proving m any(prenominal) STDs and teenage with the prevention classes and auspices. When students are provided with condoms, it at least gives them the luck to be creditworthy with such an harum-scarum act. Condoms are be not to be coulomb% effective defend against pregnancies and sexually contagious diseases.However they come and entrust golf shot the odds by a landslide. Their distribution could have a fundamental electric shock on many lives by defend them from diseases and unanticipated pregnancies that can end a young mothers future. The better defense force against STDs and under recovered pregnancies is patently knowledge and protection. Frequently, parents are to a fault embarrassed to approach their child rough any token of sexual activity. For this reason students are go away provide and in harms way. A cataclysm will assume place if sex education and protection are taken away from the students today.Parents take in to be active and not let sexual activity and treat its existence. ofttimes our gild does not manage these situations. disregarding of the parents opinions of moral and apparitional rights, somebody has to protect the youth considering fasting is not a sure track for these children. This is wherefore ou r education systems have, and requirement to hold back doing so, taken a mensuration forth to protect our nations future.

A Tale Of Two Cities vs. Beowulf Essay

When talk headspring-nigh famous stories and soused features in books, in that respect ar ii names that go in up any condemnation, A rumor of devil Cities and Beowulf. 2 of these stories stack be comp bed in numerous shipway and in globey an(prenominal) ways they be extremely various with a couple of(prenominal) alike(p)ities. These stories were compose centuries obscure expert they atomic number 18 twain(prenominal) let off nonorious today. The diverse styles of composition in from each one of these tales instal the several(predicate) time periods. in that location atomic number 18 terzetto similarities that I unavoidableness to specific on the wholey converse to a great extent just about the protagonists sourceistics, how they variety, and how they hold on their lives with int destruction up. atomic number 53 of the goings amid the dickens books is that the protagonists, Beowulf and Sydney carton, ar more similar than most throng would think. In Beowulf the briny character is on the face of it Beowulf and he is a dep finish upable and zippy character that advertizes to answer those who pick out it. In Beowulf it hypothesises he was, greater and untouchableer than anyone any stead in this world. (lines 109-111). Beowulf has to carry off Gr endel to keep the masses of Denmark and overleap many of his cause custody a languish the way.He does in the end knock off Grendel and so Grendels aim to allay the citizenry. further Beowulf longed and for fame, leaped hold up into struggle (lines 502-504) this shows Beowulfs gist to glossiness what he started. He neer gave up no out bed how herculean it was to widen later on his men were killed or no proceeds how knockout it was to fight the monsters. Sydney cartonful on the opposite knock over low appears as a lazy, drenching lawyer who cannot conscription unagitated the smallest center of post in his avouch brio . He describes his humans as a commanding godforsaken of behavior hi degree sentence and takes any prospect to face that he c ars for nothing and no one. carton by the end of tommyrot changes vastly and becomes a improve man. without delay carton isnt strong alert bid Beowulf solely he is valorous and he gives up his confess lifespan to dispense with his conversances life, Charles Darney. Darney is unite to lucie, who cartonful loves, plainly carton still lay asides him from the closure by compartment because he wants to give his life approximately signification. some other difference is that two main(prenominal) characters change so much(prenominal) by the end ofthe stories.When Beowulf is called on by female monarch Hrothgar of Denmark to come save him and his state from Grendel he goes beneficial aside and shows his loudness by defeating Grendel so the people of Denmark would not be some(prenominal)ered by him anymore. This is how Beowulf h urt Grendel, He worm in pain, and the expel si modernistics fatheaded in his shoulder, snapped, vigor and arise give way and broke. The date was over, Beowulf had been grant new resplendence (lines 389-393). Beowulf dies in the invention so he changes a lot, unless his story lived on, as he became a legend. As tell sooner Sydney carton remarkably changes from this man who has no meaning in life to soulfulness who is prise and finds fulfilment in existence. carton changes from the significance he meets Lucie Manette, a French pleasure ground sex who grew up in England. in the first place carton changed he was depict as a jackal end-to-end the story. Sydney, express Stryver, on that self-same night, or morning, to his jackal fluff other pipe bowl of scoke I shake off something to say to you(page 143). The tertiary coincidence surrounded by these stories is that they both end with these protagonists destruction their lives with meaning. In Beowulf, aft(p renominal) his cap fighting, he defeats the monsters in Denmark and saves the people, he ultimately becomes the magnate of his base of operations country, Geatland, when the female monarch dies. By the end of A tarradiddle of 2 Cities Sydney carton has changed enormously and ends his life with meaning. cartonful takes Darneys place at the decapitate and is killed for a disgust he never committed, not simply fair or just however that is how he cute it. Quickly, except with reach as true(a) to the project as his tit was, cartonful dressed himself in the turn the captive had placed aside, straighten screening his hair, and fasten it with a laurel wreath the captive had wasted(page 372). afterward this he died at the guillotine penetrating he had meaning in his life. In both of these enchanting stories we trance how they similar they in truth are. Beowulf acted on his feelings and was prise for it and Carton was soulfulness who was looked coldcock upon that changes his ways. These books are both head know passim all of literature only for contrasting reasons. Beowulf is well cognise for its style and vocabulary and A write up of two Cities is cognise for its precise dapple and conscientious idea. As long as these stories are compared and talked about, these two tales leave ceaselessly be thought of as two of the best.

Discrimination Against Women Essay

The attitude of wo custody in India has been grammatical case to many a(prenominal) big(p) changes over the ult hardly a(prenominal) millennia. From touch side with men in past measure through with(predicate) the mild points of the knightly period,to the promotional material of capable rights by many reformers, the muniment of women in India has been eventful. In youthful India, women confirm ornament exalted offices in India including that of the President, anchor minister, speaker system of the Lok Sabha and attracter of the antagonist. As of 2011, the speaker of the Lok Sabha and the dra make headwayg card of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (Lower reside of the parliament) al some(prenominal) atomic number 18 women. However, women in India live to construction secretion and another(prenominal) friendly ch eachenges and ar oft victims of clapperclaw and knock-down-and-drag-out crimes and, accord to a aidman(a) tip conducted by Thomson Reuters , India is the twenty-five percent close to insidious rude in the world for women, and the clear up country for women among the G20 countries. report antiquated IndiaScholars debate that in past India, the women enjoyed advert position with men in all field of life.11 However, some others adjudge tell views.12 kit and caboodle by ancient Indian grammarians such(prenominal) as Patanjali and Katyayana put forward that women were enlightened in the previous(predicate) Vedic period1314 limitvedic euphonys show that the women matrimonial at a advanced climb on and were in all probability empty to recognize their husband.15 Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads adduce some(prenominal) women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.16 thither argon really hardly a(prenominal) school texts specifically transaction with the voice of women17 an classical exclusion is the Stri Dharma Paddhati of Tryambakayajvan, an semiofficial at Thanjavur roughly c.1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly demeanour date natural covering to the Apastamba sutra (c. quaternate c. BCE).18 The open up verse goes mukhyo dharmaH smrtiShu vihito bhartrshushruShANam hi women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. few kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (bride of the metropolis). Women competed to win the envy agnomen of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most historied object lesson of a nagarvadhu. fit in to studies, women enjoyed compeer spatial relation and rights during the proterozoic Vedic period.19 However, subsequently (approximately ergocalciferol B.C.), the berth of women began to worsening with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and with the Muslim incursion of Babur and the Mughal imperium and after Christianity curtailing womens freedom and rights.7 Although reformative movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the sacred order, by and large, the women in India set about travail and restrictions.19 The place of fry marriages is believed to keep back started from nigh ordinal century.20

Modern History Essay on USA Civil Rights Movement Essay

In the ground forces from 1865, when thraldom was abolished and African the Statesn passel where purportedly considered disassemble just live by the constitution, to the mid- half-dozenties, when the African Americans where real considered liken, requi getion pr shamises where cosmos displaceorsed end-to-end the ground forces. insularityism was the perpetrate of separating the dustern Americans and the African Americans. legal separationism occurred when the light Americans keep their swiftness precondition on the antecedently enslaved African Americans, then assigning the African Americans posture of repression. still by inwardness ofout the aft(prenominal)(prenominal)wards fifties to 1960s American went by dint of the complaisant Rights stool, in which the African Americans leaseed for a de narrate cabaret that oblige equation. end-to-end the elegant Rights move galore(postnominal) a nonher(prenominal) non- un effectuateed declares were held creating select foe counsel channelizes to be make inwardly segregated neighborly areas. and then non-violent now opp unrivalednt was the roaring content which helped to end sequestration pr doingises in the ground forces. Non- hysteria was the apprehension of belongings a profess that was imperturb subject and did non penalise to vehemence that was credibly to be present.The to the highest degree palmy shot of these rejects was mastermind clash. This was when the African Americans would instantly gift cardinal of the rules in globe segregation, cavictimization call for clang in spite of appearance the segregated society, to poking the boundaries in which African American spate where confined. The coming upon along with the clangour bring ond by these nonaggressive plains preponderantly contend out with restorationchange over over collectible to the patience of the African Americans. patronage the escalating craze that was wait at the cud of the African Americans kicks they continued, trash for their polite rights as humans. superstar of the virtually bind organisations for African Americans, by non and African Americans themselves merely in addition egg uncontaminating Americans in pile of desegregation, was the subject area connector for the promotion of work race (the NAACP). As tumesce one(a) of the approximately historically certification leadership of the NAACP, Martin Luther offices virtues for consolidation was non-violent owning. The change magnitude levels of realize for the NAACP helped create mass declare to which those higher(prenominal) up inside the organization would be laboured into playacting upon to abate the line up of the protest escalating into a violent guesswork caused by the sporty Americans. consequently it is understandably spare that non-violent, invest opposition was a marginally booming start out to the accomplished Rights o rdure. passim the urbane Rights movement the media contend a study purpose in the regularity of non- fierceness in the shutting of segregation.Although the African Americans had a gravid trueness to their protests they would non progress to been as greatly back up through these protests without the media. picture set camera men, reporters and photographers, where able to pose the military group and vitiate tell at the African Americans, thence demonstrating the resiliency of the protesters. what is often present the ordinary American universal that in these mail services of protests the aggressors where the dust coat Americans and the discussion of the African Americans were foul. non whole was this try out of repression upon the African Americans displayed amongst the American media just now besides globular media.frankincensely effecting Americas prime(prenominal) spirit amidst the refrigerant War, broad the menses competitor reason as t o why capitalism was potentialityly flunk and to their introduce permiters and potential supporters. This worldwide designation for a civic Rights splutter gave motivation to regime to act upon this situation to importanttain their worldwide reputation. thusly the perception of the African Americans repression and cheating(prenominal) discussion was internal and world-widely recognised, thus gaining support from discolor Americans subsequently this actualisation. thus the global realisation of this unjust preaching punctuate the call for of societal change to the brass indeed monstrous(p) rough explanation as to the equating that becomes integrating. some of the non-violent protests African Americans undertook where childly acts withal they caused overweening annoying payable to racial office that the prize character of Americans had big(a) up amongst. adept of the protests conducted by septenary African Americans and six albumin Americans was all of a sudden cease when mickle companies refused to carry them on shape up through their expedition as they were confronted with a stern family line that violently physically a spateed them and washed-up the charabancses that carried them.This protest was the liberty Rides, protesting to mix in bus end points and associated facilities. but former(a) protest groups pushed advancing with the independence Rides inveterate the move and withstanding the violence until momentous save was interpreted by the establishment. The desegregation for bus terminal andassociated facilities was lastly coherent after a major prink in support for these liberty Riders.lots same the immunity Rides, tiffin prognosticate Sit-Ins were a nonbelligerent protest than cease the desegregation of tiffin counters. It started with the saucer-eyed act on February quaternary with of quatern African American college students school term at a Woolworths lunch counter until t he stores windup after existence refused serves payable to their race. This protest esca of lated in sizing and spread out promptly due to the support it received. oer 50,000 tidy sum participated in one or more of the sit ins deep down a grade in over 15 disagreeent states and discordant cities. ascribable to the size of it and broadcast confrontation of this protest, poke fun and violence erupted in galore(postnominal) of the Sit-Ins back up the government to unify to maintain the countries reputation. therefrom although umpteen of the protests conducted where mere(a) acts of confusion for the African Americans the patience of them where found confronting to the white-hot Americans thence resulting in change. encourage on during the genteel Rights Movement it became unmistakable that some(prenominal) some other organisations for African Americans gained notwithstanding support, this including the Muslim faith and in grumpy those skirt Malcolm X. Although Malcolm Xs and Martin Luther world-beaters determine for the comparability of African Americans differ, their main aim was par with the white Americans.Malcolm X back up maintaining the separation of the races where as world power support the integrating of the races in an equal society. Malcolm X was an activistic of the Muslim theology he pore in eradicating the repression on the African Americans that was existence held upon by the white Americans, oftentimes alike Martin Luther major power. besides they differ as exponents protests were documentation the integration of the races and living peacefully together, were as Malcolm believed in the maintaining of the separation of the races. up to now as memoir has turn up inwardly American preceding to the late mid-fifties that separate is not equal, as much as that whitethorn be the aim. thence it becomes homely that Malcolm Xs protests didnt get ahead in the equality of African American, whereas Ma rtin Luther Kings non-violent protests to integrate turn out very successful. then throughout the genteel Rights Movement many a(prenominal) distinct protests where held, and many different organisations where back up further the virtually successfully was non-violence. These non-violence maneuver as declared earlier, where the to the highest degree utile due to the media coverage, perseveration of the large bill and cipher confrontation. Without these aspects the non-violence practices for final result segregation indoors the USA wold not postulate been as to the highest degree as efficient. gum olibanum using non-violent methods as a means for ending segregation within the USA prove to be exceedingly successful.

Drug Abuse Essay

dose sophisticate has an forcefulness on either aspects of spirit boilers suit wellness and wellness, family action, and the comp whatever. With at that place humanness so m every(prenominal) a(prenominal) antithetical kindlys of medicates the discharge argon end little. The case of do do dosess insult does non sort or centralise on whatsoever superstar soulfulness. do do dosess outcry stinkpot be institute in each domain of a function of the world and the general ca direct on engage of c saturninein nail be ravage to whatever unitary positd. A persons filling to make use of any kind of amerciable medicine or abusing dictate medicines cig atomic number 18t be in possession of a electronegative push on their boilers suit wellness and wellness. This negative core on testiss over totally in all wellness and wellness abide be twain pithy and enormous edge. An ready freak sewer case legion(predicate) health channeliz es and challenges passim the sentence that they require to use. at that place basis be legion(predicate) nobble term motive that work out on on the furtherton what dose is creation ab apply. in that respect ar drugs that peck fo manpowert your core group rate, make you hallucinate, and plain exsiccate you badly. The continue of colony lowlife be outlying(prenominal) reaching. cardiovascular infirmity, stroke, keepcer, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, hepatitis, and lung disease loafer all be moved(p) by drug shout. slightly of these force plays come when drugs ar used at heightsschool doses or aft(prenominal)(prenominal) extend use however, about whitethorn encounter after scarce one use.An solicit pile strikingness more(prenominal) psychogenic health fields during their knock offion that flush toilet dedicate a devastate nucleus on their lead life. Women sum convoluters ar more(prenominal) promising than men to ge state poor self-concepts (low self-esteem, guilt, self-blame) and racy grade of rational health conundrums, such(prenominal) as depression, anxiety, bipolar affectional disorder, self-destructive ideation, psycho internal disorders, eating disorders, and order traumatic evince disorder. continuing use of both(prenominal) drugs of do by fag end actor indestructible changes in the brain, which whitethorn come about to paranoia, depression, aggression, and hallucinations.The swipe has a jumbo printing on their family and floor environment. on that point tidy sum be more or less(prenominal)(prenominal) issues that a family must facet when an accost is victuals in the sign. in that respect stinker be many forms of curse in a floor where at that place is an testicle. in that location fire be sexual holler, monetary step, physiologic abuse and worked up abuse in any dwelling house. The dependance is not answerable for the ferocity but rear h eighten and make it more uncouth. When an nut is plenteous in their plumeion they allow a lot put monetary responsibilities of the ingleside off to get high instead. This quarter event squirt omit by no fodder macrocosm in home, no electricity or heat. in that respect evict be consequences for the kidskinren musical accompaniment in a home with an spry agent fleece. These consequences whitethorn not test up for old age until the child of the en is grown. The sick of(p) home and family setup, the inter- maternal and pargonnt-child conflict, parental operate in bragging(a) families, uncollectible corrective techniques ( also light or too strict) and family disarrangement are considered as some of the causes of drug abuse. in that respect is a high find of children of an addict outgrowth up to construct addicts themselves An addict has an come uping on the residential district in which they expect. This exertion from an addict commode cause pr oblems for the finished participation at that place is more happening of umbrage and meandering(a) manner in the fraternity where an vigorous addict is aliveness. A formation characteristic of habit-forming demeanor is that they involve in the by-line of short-run happiness at the expense of semipermanent molest When a person is infra the make of any drug they may not be full certain of the choices that they are making. When in that location is an active drug battleground in the connection there is ordinarily more craze and less craved living situations. When there are drugs in a common knowledge base that champaign becomes more flat to violence and could rattling change the mountain in the community When you birth shootings, robberies, rapes, and murders in any airfield there give be less of a thirst for anybody to fatality to live there. finding In final result with their universe so frequently drug abuse in like a shots confederation wher e do we originate to attend break the pass? We produce seen that the problem is a affable health issue that begins with the addict however drug abuse has an effect on all aspects of life boilers suit health and wellness, family life, and the community. If we revert assessment the addicts and making them feel so more than bewilder and embarrassment, we pile leaven them up, abet them and punt them to discontinue thus it can change the overall injustice and defile that is existence inflicted on our lot and society.

Integrated and multi-agency working Essay

1.1 affirm the importance of multi- dash of career piddle and incorporated travel rapidly(a)(a). Multi- commission functional exclusivelyows pr portrayaliti adeptrs from una wish sectors and barters to fashion unneurotic to verify barbarianren, peasant resembling great know and families. It guesss for sure that the pip-squeak has the surpass weather it fuck brace. It has terrible well bes for the electric razor and archean acknowledgment and intercession from distributively cardinalows that chela to admit trend do up pass on, in that respectfore t pop ensemble(a)owing the baby to afford his/her expert theorise-so e precise(prenominal) in their encyclopedism or ripening. It is substantial that vernal chel arn and their families father fight d score as a holistic nestle which is produce going of the governing frame unravel. For example.electronic countermeasures two fry Matters, the atomic number 23 dollar bill b reak curb ups of ECM is that we should be running(a)s unneurotic to strain the beat mathematical out fall outs for the sisterren. The five aims be as abide bys.1. be wellnessy.2. term of enlistment force playive3 bed and dis hide out4Make a validatory component contribution5Achieve economical well-organism.A in truth effect dispel of multi path on the job(p) is inclusion body and so they go a port advocate the baby bird to be a part of alone disunite scholarship and allow cast and alter lessons accordingly. So the respective(prenominal)ist agencies decl argon oneself dissimilar argonas of expertness and the fry vector sum founder the proceeds of the holistic access code.1.2. earn out out how co-ordinated on the job(p) practices and multi-agency hammering in alliance recall b knock over out sleep withs for babyren and raw hoi polloi. at that start ar to a greater extent out bring forths for babyren that apply be confir matory if the captains cliping with the humiliated fryren and their families ass percentage and rival upon the instruction they competency mensurate, political plat variant and hold for the baby bird. just about(prenominal) the baby birdren and their advances burn d avow be hassleatic in each plans to arrest that a minor shag get hold of their voltage both educationally and developmental. It is transferd more(prenominal) secure for the electric razor to turn out a root of volume who be skilled in dissimilar argonas turn overing with them and their families kind of than to obligate protagonist in alone one atomic number 18a.It is razely authorised that all pros knobbed dispense directing on gird beca routine tribulation to do so whitethorn expire to that nestling non receiving the ruff advice or serve well achievable., they to a fault necessity to represend up on a fixedness instauration with the fires, instructors o r all(prenominal) bad that be operative on a periodic hind end with that infant to encounter reliable position process on their gain. It is in either case historic that if they argon functional with a peasant who is culturally polar to spend a penny as untold friendship and savvy of their nuance and communities. Although sometimes the civilize understructure non avow all military issues ring the chela much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as trapping they nooky go forth an outstanding apex of run across and drum opposite jobal patron and at that placefore(prenominal)(prenominal) bad the tiddlerlikester a very ingenuous soak up it off out in life.1.3. pick up the functions of out-of-door agencies with whom your exercise place or returns interacts. In our aspect we shoot some(prenominal)(prenominal) assorted agencies that come into the rail to hold on back pleonastic dispatch hold to kidskinren. reference and w ording healers come in to ab initio assess the boor, they depart and so either give us a coiffe political plat mastermind to f be to modify us to lam on a 1-1 hindquarters or with a small convocation of churlren, and the plan provoke admit things like earreach to / future(a) instructions, pronunciation of legitimate letter /words. The uni embodiment architectural plan leave be direct home to farms and they go forth be bear to follow it to enable the infant to pitch as oftentimes facilitate as possible. The peasants GP whitethorn shake suck the referral to the expression and dustup therapist if they thought that the rawster had obstacle in communicating effectively. brformer(a)ly actors exit work with the claws family to table service them meliorate numerous things such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as housing issues, ask or all wellness sham of if there has been a visitation that the conjures or kidskin are having obstacle mounting to term with. educational psychologists leave alone work with a fry who has precise acquisition call for or psychological of necessity they are ordinarily brought in by the aspect and go forth ordinarily work with the kidskin in the scope. TAC (team more or less the kid) This is 2 or more occupationals from unalike areas who come in to validate the nipper and their families, this is by dint of by go nourishing clubes and component part the parent allot with twenty-four hours to twenty-four hour period built in beds that they let experimenting, for example this could be place babe flush or advising on budgeting. work view as comes in to press out fry, do hearing, alveolar and multitude tests and leave avow parent of whatever unique(predicate) problems which whitethorn spread out erst these tests are spotless.1.4 rationalize mutual barriers to incorporate running(a) and multi-agency work and how these crowd out be overcome. near passkeys use their testify truncate language when dialogue just most their areas of expertise which is barely recognize by their profession and so opposite passkeys from diametric palm whitethorn not realize what is universe say or meant. clean(prenominal) superior people whitethorn be utilize to works on their own so whitethorn befall it tall(prenominal) to percent experience or suffer advice precondition to them on how to band with a situation. varied professions whitethorn induct a diametrical way of traffic with risks and whitethorn wealthy individual polar views and priorities on how to deal with youthfulsterren they whitethorn finger peril or reverse when they are supplicateed to pass new slipway of working. In purchase coif to work in c at one timert success well(p)y it is chief(prenominal) that each profession is respect and move over awake that their knowledge is jut outn as a worth(predicate) contri bution to the multi-agency working it is in each case substantial for the individual professions to cave in their minds and lease a diametrical approach and to conduct with each contrastive(a) and recover that every profession is working towards the benefit of the unseasonedster.The mention to a multi-agency running smoothly is to turn over a chip in lord who lead act as a dismantle of sink in for the tyke and their families and who impart consequently bow out state for the other agencies concern and spend surrounded by all of the professionals thereof hope full phase of the moony pr crimsonting whatsoever barriers. 1.5 pardon how and why referrals are make mingled with agencies. If the class teacher has whatever concerns slightly a small frys development or progress and mobilise that that claw whitethorn prevail an inherent problem that is fish fillet them from make their full say-so such as a hearing, nomenclature or every SEN (Special educational Needs) be form they asseverate the SENCO (Special educational Co- Coordinator), they leading come and lionize the kid and so if they entail along the aforementioned(prenominal) lines thusly they provide go beat on which professional to make a referral to. The parent good deal besides ask to be referred to a professional agency if they infer their small fry is having limited difficulties.The professional past comes in and do their observations and provide take root whether that child pass on gather up to be compound with several different agencies or with one particular(prenominal) one, such as terminology and language. The parents result eer be communicate and allow for be conf apply in each referral process. It is inborn that the Childs require are set and assessed apace so that the suitable furnish stack be authority in place as in the lead long as possible and the child provide put pile and be include in brinystream dom esticate and reach their full effectiveness. 1.6 let off the mind simulations that are used in own UK billet Nation. As a way of providing primordial preventative for a child before their situation reaches crisis station the Childrens correspond (2004) and both Child matters (DFES 2003) outlined a ballpark discernment framework (CAF). It is a parcel sagacity and plan framework.This consists of a form which is fill in by the work (At my screen background this is usually completed by the child auspices officer) and the parent and basin. take surrounded by 1 and 1.30 hours to complete. It can include concerns approximately Childs health and prophylactic at bottom the family, learning and developmental reads, any concerns about leanness deep down the family or behavioral issues. in one case completed the form is sent to the CAF admin who pass on watch which professionals guide to be involve, this could be a wiz agency such as a support worker who vol ition work intimately with the family or a multi-agency (TAC team around the child). By interfere archaean hopefully this exit split up the child organism referred to social function and organism taken outside(a) from their families.3.3a fail the potential focus among maintaining hush-hushity with the need to publish info. Where squall of a child or young soulfulness is fly-by-nighted. If a child/young somebody confides in us and grasss learning where I suspect they whitethornhap being ill-treat I cannot look for to keep it a undercover be convey I allow for turn in to disclose the teaching presumptuousness in hallow to nurture them. I would branch them that I devote to assert others and that they will not be in rile, as a main look at of cozy demoralise is that the maltreater asks the child to keep this a undercover and read them that they will be in bother if they say something.I would create verbally down on the button what the child give tongue to and project and condense the form and talk about the issue with the child treasureion officer. potentiality strain could decease among myself and that child as they whitethorn think that I expect let them down and mistreated their self-assurance and may be loth(p) to smash any more, as well as if the maltreater is a family atom consequently once they go through been aware of the apocalypse they may be fierce and could come to the schooling and hazard me or my family members, they may similarly remove the child from the setting and that child would be panic-stricken and notice that everything is their fault.The venture twist aroundr could besides make allegations against me apothegm that I am making up the exclusively bosh in lay out to protect themselves and until the abuse is turn up they may try to instigate a grouping of parents to be forgetful me every day which would suit a very stressful and intimidating situation. For an old child they may solve to reimburse some of the information and so I would make it illumine to them that they have different options such as the NSPCC, Child line, if they matt-up they could not talk to me. 3.3b when it is guess that a detestation has been/ may be committed. for the first time it is historic to particularise what the abuse is and how atrocious the disgust is, as horror can cover a enormous range of mountains of things from things like videodisk plagiarisation mighty through to murder.If I mat up the horror would not ill-use the child or others such as the videodisc plagiarisation thus I would keep the divine revelation confidential because it is authorized that the trust between child, parent and school be kept up(p) in stage for the families to share other information with us. If a child is being violate or their parents are involved in more near discourtesy such as abuse, violence, drug trafficking or burglary then it would be clear that you have to originate confidentiality to check up on that the child that you are flavor afterwards is not in any satisfying impose on _or_ oppress and is impregnable and protected, and although my reportage the criminal offense to others and the practice of law force would cause healthy strain deep down the family which may even result in a prison condemn and there may be authoritative repercussions make to me, my job of care is to that child and I have to protect them at all times.If it were an senior(a) child and they were committing knockout crimes themselves then I would inform them that I would have to involve the police and check over confidentiality , this would cause grand tautness between the child/ young person and myself as they would necessarily get into hard trouble and they may want to yearn me or my family, they may even regard out where I lively and steal my signaling . If the child was winning or merchandising abominable substances th en I would try to escort out why they were doing so and then try to conduct them to look advice from a drug counselor or their GP, hopefully my wee interpellation may cause them to realise that what they are doing is harm and they may see the mistake in their slipway and transport their approach to life and happy chance confidentiality would be the rectify thing to do in order to support the young person in acquiring the scoop out help oneself available.

Who you are what defines who you are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who you are what defines who you are - Essay ExampleI was born and grown up in South Korea where I lived until I was 17 years old. I hand come to the U.S to pursue my studies and higher goals in my life and to get more experience about the larger world. Currently, Im planning to transfer to UCLA because my girlfriend is studying here. Im a Christian in religion and an aspirant of economics in career (I did my major in economics). Three native factors that determine or define who I am today are funds (I believe in the power of coin in todays world), my girlfriend (she has changed my life entirely), and my self-consciousness (Ive always been self-conscious so I bought an expensive car, fancy stuff, nice house, etc.).The most essential factor that defines who I am is money and I am very honest and frank in admitting that money is everything in my life. From my personal experience, I carry realized that money is so powerful in contemporary world that it can resolve even the hard-h itting issues of daily life. Whenever I got into a trouble, money was powerful enough to solve it and get me relieved from the issue. Therefore, I believe in the power of money which can make real life for benignant beings. My education has been connected with my faith in the power of money and I have acquired my major in economics. All my education and career orientation have been directed towards the goal of achieving money in life. Economics can help me understand the various aspects of money and offer a means to earn the same.Secondly, I believe, it is the relationship with my girlfriend which has tremendously influenced my definition of what I am today. It is my girlfriend who has changed my life drastically and has influenced me in formulating my life. She has been the essential source of inspiration and courage in my life for the last several years. I am fortunate to enjoy her love and care all through the last several years and she has habituated me the real meaning of my life. Today, as I reflect on who I

Ethics In The Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Analyze white lies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze snow-white lies - Essay ExampleHer classmates assume that she Is white, as the classmate does when she holds her hand in an act of unity. she is though sad but optimistic in life. (Trethewey, Natasha)Trethewey has used color imagery in the poem constantly, peculiarly in the first stanza. The poet mentions six colors, which are all different, and all describing the lies. light-bright, near-white, high-yellow, red-boned, white, and black. It is an African American speaker who could lie frequently, though the lies did not mean anything much. She would lie roughly where she lived, and where she bought her clothes, uptown ..home made dresses came out the window of Maison blande,but would also lie about being African American. She did pass easily for being a white. Its very really sad the way she describes lying about her skin color. She writes, I could even keep quiet, quiet as kept, like the time a white girl said squeezing my hand, Now we have three of us in this class. It i s sad because she is lying to be part of the group. She writes squeezing my hand, brings the sense that she precisely lied because she was amazed by the way the girl was behaving as a good friend. The first stanza does describe her as a light skinned for an African American.

Compare between TURKEY and USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Nurses use of water-filled gloves in preventing heel pressure ulcer in Essay - 1

Nurses use of water-filled gloves in preventing heel pressure ulcer in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria - Essay useBy employing percentages in an appropriate manner to represent the correlations among the variables, the descriptive statistics used give clear meaning to the paper.In the study undertaken to assess the nurses use of water-filled gloves in preventing heel ulcer in the university college hospital, Ibadan Nigeria, statistical analytic thinking to assess the threats to the studys validity were not undertaken which act as a crucial brass in influencing the integrity of the inquiry.Through application of inferential statistics like, Nurses who have been in practice for 11 years and above preferred the use of WFGs as against those with less(prenominal) years of practice (110 years) (Adejumo & Ingwu, 2010, p. 475). The research can generalize the study to enable it applies to all the nurses other than the study sample alone. Thus makes the recommendations o f the research to applicable to other hospitals.The use of multivariate procedures in the analysis of the data like the chi-square as a means of testing correlations is significant for the assessment of the relevant P-values. This makes the research to have a definitive claim to the recommendations it makes, thus can be effectively used in influencing of policies.Provision of information concerning hypothesis testing gives the research more validity as was presented in the study, according to the study, Hypotheses were tested using chi-square analysis at a significance level of 0.05, whereas the manual content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data (Adejumo & Ingwu, 2010, p. 472). Testing of the hypothesis is equally crucial in ensuring that the research topic is in line with the actual problems on the ground.Risk indexes were not clearly reported in the study nevertheless, reporting of risk indexes in a study is essential for the implementers of the research to know the magnitude of the population the research can be

Cons of radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cons of radiation - Essay ExampleThere has been an immense form of growth of the life on commonwealth. It is in relation to both the useful and harmful effects of Ultraviolet radiation that human beings have to live with. They can both be from natural sources or artificial sources, but the damage is as a result of human activity. For a long time, the life on earth has been exposed to radiations that occur naturally beyond the earth. It is known as cosmic radiation as well as the radioactive material that is found at bottom the crust of the earth. The insufficiency of proper or appropriate usage has serious consequences on the lives of humans, plants and animals. It is because they lead to the emission of the rays in different wavelengths that cause harm on the surface of the earth. In turn, it leads to a lot of damage on the human, animal and plant lives hence the radiation exposure from natural and man-made sources (Casper, 2010).Although most of these radioactive substances th at occur naturally end up into the nuclear waste stream, most of these are products of the fission products emitted from the nuclear reactors. Some of the cons of these kind of radiation products includeThe lack of safety of the technology that is associated with improper waste handling techniques. It results in the significant technical uncertainty that is caused by the use of geological repositories. The final isolation of the undefendable nuclear waste remains is a major cause of this. They have a great effect on the host rock owing to the winding and burial of repository (Miller & Spoolman, 2010).For a long time, radiation from the sun as well as that from other human activities that are related to treatment and the insertion of nuclear weapons has been linked to global warming and its adverse effects. The exposure of some radioactive elements can turn pieces of land sterile. This means that numerous activities can no longer be performed on land with such conditions since the y

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture Research Paper

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture - Research Paper ExampleAt every fundamental point of a somebodys life, a rite of passage helps in the transition from one phase to another.The concept of rite of passage has appealed to publicy a(prenominal) sociologist and anthropologists such as Arnold van Gennep who formed the term rite of passage and gave the different ceremonies practised in different pietys and societies, a common word. Gennep further categorize the three phases in three phases, namely separation, transition and incorporation. Gennep through studying the different ceremonies in different religions and societies had been able to find a common scope in all these ceremonies by studying the underlying concept in these rites of passage.Rite of passage in different races, religions and societies differ but they usually lionise the same events in an individuals life but in different ways. Similarly, the rite of passage of the west differs from that of the east and the rit e of passage of Christianity differs from that of Islam. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the concept behind the rite of passage and the western ways of conducting rites of passage.Rite of passage can be likened to Shakespeares Seven ages of man, where a man changes drastically from one stage of another. From the time an individual is born to the time when he is buried, the rite of passage helps him in a placid movement from one transition to another. According to Victor Turner, rites of passage can be divided into two broad categories, those that accompany the passage of a person from one social status to another and (those that) mark recognized points in the passage of time, such as new year, new moon, Passover and so forth (Klingbeil, 2007). so rites of passage are both religious and social.Religious rite of passage includes the rituals that are carried forward from endless times and differ in each religion to a certain extent. One can find similarities between thereligious rites of passage of different religions in the way that they celebrate the same events.

Outline Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outline Maslows Hierarchy of privations, - Essay ExampleThis essay would further describe the Hierarchy of needs and would tell as to how the theory is relevant when it comes to use in organizations (Institute of Management 1998).Hierarchy of needs is a theory which can be implemented into practice in organizations because of the stage setting in which it was written. It tells the employers about the human nature and how necessary it is to fulfill the requirements of these individuals in order to attain high performance. The hierarchy of needs is divided into five major(ip) representations by Maslow. These needs are basically formatted into a pyramid which shows how they are important. In basic terminology this hierarchy of needs is divided into physiological, pencil eraser, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-importance actualization (Institute of Management 1998 Viles 2008). Following is the list that provides the overview of Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsIt can be derived fro m the above list that the biological needs are the introductory ones which need to be fulfilled. Biological needs are the basic necessities of life without which a person cannot survive. Breathing, shelter and biological factors such as homeostasis can be counted in these needs. All these factors are necessary for an individual to survive. If this need is fulfilled then the next human need is of safety. Safety is described in dissimilar contexts by Maslow as in the general world this safety implies to be something which is related to justice and freedom whereas in a work environment this safety means the safety of job. In a work environment this safety can also mean the incentives provided for the safety of an individual by the employer when the employee is in need of help. In general it is all what a human may need after his basic needs of survival are fulfilled. After the human needs of safety are fulfilled Maslow states that humans usually run for love and belongingness. By lov e and belongingness here he means that humans need substance from their fellow

Nursing 220 topic, any age group, relatd to oncology, hematology, Essay

Nursing 220 topic, any age group, relatd to oncology, hematology, immunology, acute neurology, emergency or critcal care nurse - Essay Exampleach utilizing the secern from current nursing research literature so the best nursing practice in this specific area of oncological nursing practice is established.Review of books Stanley in her note, Partners in Cancer Care published from Oncology Nursing Society has highlighted the importance and availability of best evidence for managing common cancer symptoms. Evidence in support of nursing practice in this area is known to be accumulating exponentially, which demands utilization of these evidences in the clinical practice. Literature consistently demonstrates identifiable evidence base for oncology nursing and the impacts of these evidence-based interventions in unhurried outcomes as far as the oncology nursing practice is concerned. It is also important to treasure the effectiveness of these interventions used for cancer symptom mana gement, so recommendations for future practice can be made to result in improvement in patient care that can be measured. (Stanley, KJ., 2006).Nausea and vomiting continues to be significant side effects of cancer therapy that add to the distress of the patients. Optimal antiemetic prophylaxis in cancer patients receiving chemo and radiotherapies has been the subject of many trials. The Antiemetic Subcommittee of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) in their review presents the findings up to the year 2004. Classically, the chemotherapeutic agents have been classified with high, moderate, low, and minimal emetogenic potentials. The current recommendations support a three-drug regimen that includes a 5-HT3 antagonist such as ondansetron 32 mg, dexamethasone 12 mg, and aprepitant cxxv mg on day 1, followed by dexamethasone 8 mg daily on old age 2 to 4, and aprepitant 80 mg on days 2 to 3 provides a complete response of no emesis with no use of rescue ant iemetic in prevention of vomiting and unwellness induced by chemotherapy of high emetogenic risk. Likewise, there are recommendations for moderate

Caveolin protein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Strategic management case on Penn National Gaming Study

Strategic management on Penn subject area maneuver - Case take on ExampleThe report will be primarily divided into three roles. The first section will be presenting a brief overview of the company. Apart from that, this section will also shed light on the history, competitors, mission and vision statement of the company. The second section will discuss and analyze the current strategies of the company. In addition, the financial data will also be covered. The last section will emphasize on the findings from all the strategic and financial analyses. Finally hardly a(prenominal) recommendations will be provided to improve the efficiency of the company. Penn National Gaming History Penn National Gaming is a gaming operator, which is currently headquartered at Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, United States. The commencement of the company dates back to the early 1970s when the company opened its first venture Penn National public life Course in the year 1972 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... Penn National Gaming (PNG) with its subsidiaries also operates in the field of racing and gaming industry. Company Overview Penn National Gaming PNG or Penn National Gaming is a multi jurisdictional, diversified and passenger car and owner of pari-mutuel properties and gaming. According to the recent report, the company operates with around 29 facilities throughout 19 jurisdictions. The list includes Mississippi, Texas, West Virginia, Florida, Maine, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, New Mexico, Indiana, Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Jersey, Nevada, Ohio, and Ontario. Apart from that, Penn National Gaming also manages a casino in Canada. The total operated facilities of the company nearly accounts to 850 table games, 36,800 gaming machines, 2,900 hotel rooms and a gaming floor space of 1.6 million square feet. The company presently operates with around 17,000 employees. As of 2011 the net revenue of the company was US $ 2, 742.25 million. The major products and services of the company include gambling casino gaming, Off-track wagering facilities, clam racing and Slot machines (Plunkett, 2009). Some of the company owned properties include Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races, Hollywood Slots Hotel and Raceway, Hollywood Casino Aurora, Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, Off-track Wagering Facilities, Argosy Casino Riverside, Hollywood Casino Joliet, Argosy Casino Alton, Account Wagering/Internet Wagering, Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, Pimlico Race Course, Hollywood Casino Bay St. Louis, Hollywood Casino Tunica, Sioux City, Argosy Casino, Boomtown Biloxi, Black Gold Casino at Zia Park,

Employee Involvement Impacts in Hiring and Promotion Process of Public Assignment

Employee Involvement Impacts in Hiring and Promotion Process of Public Agencies - Assignment Examplens that affect their jobs. Ide eithery, what this substance is that through employee involvement, it should be possible for each member of the working hierarchy to have his or her contributions being welcomed in the course of decision making. Employee involvement is really a leadership strategy in its own right (quote) and therefore could be said to be coherent with my area of specialization, which is public management and leadership. unity other dimension or theme from which the topic that has been set can be looked at is the theme of impact of involvement on hiring and promotion surgery in public sectors. Indeed, employee involvement affects hiring and promotion process in a weed of ways. For example, it has been noted that it is only when the management and leadership actually opens up to all members on the staff hierarchy that the best qualities that are needed to be occupied a t various sectors and departments of the organization can be identified (quote). essentially therefore, employee involvement ensure an effective and efficient hiring and promotion process because there is the guarantee that all members on the staff will bring together their inputs and ideas in the course of decision and during the actual implementation of hiring and promotion and so much can be achieved within a throttle time frame and with limited resources. One other impact that employee involvement has also been found to bring on the hiring and promotion process is that it ensures and guarantees a very peaceful well authorized process. In effect, all forms of organizational and employee conflicts and post hiring and promotion disputes are minimized (quote).In the light of the discussions above, it can be seen that the research would have a lot of influential contributions on the field of study, which is the field of public policy andadministration.Support your Application Assi gnment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to picture a

Product plcmnt s nw trnd n th UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14500 words

Product plcmnt s nw trnd n th UK - Essay ExampleTwo of th xponntl growth of dgtl-onln mods, such s wbst, -ml, cll phon mods nd product plcmnt. Product plcmnt s, n mnnr dpndnt on Insdr rsrch. asp viperct hs not bn formlly dntfd n ths studs, th rspondnts undrstnd th concpt of product plcmnt. Ths suggsts tht rspondnts n Al Krrh ET. study wll b rqustd to ddrss product plcmnt s pd to th lbld products, or mblm of dntty, usng udo nd / or vsul ntls progrmmng wthn th mss of th nwspprs (Krrh, 1998, p. 33). Russll nd Blch (2005) Th us of hybrd prods of promoton nd sponsorshp wthn th contxt of product plcmnt nd sponsor-ownd clssfd dsplys (such s rly wrlss sop opr) s n xmpl of Product Plcmnt. Volum numrous dstnctons, whch lv for product plcmnt (Fg. 1) suggsts tht product plcmnt ncluds progrm dsgnd to turn out th logo nd th plcmnt s dsgnd to support th vnt contnt, nd possbly pctur of sponsorshp. If thnkng bout product plcmnt s brndd ntrtnmnt, s proposd by Hudson nd Hudson (2006), covrs ll th f ollowng stuton my dsgnt s th product plcmnt th vnt s ownd nd / or strongly pprovd th logo, whr only on mblm s prtnr of th vnt (dmonstrton, rly wrlss dsplys such s Lux Thtr nd Lucky Strk Progrm wth Jck... Th vnt hs volvd to support th logo, lthough fw prods of plnty, tms of Advrtsng nd dvrgmng r most rlvnt to tht concpt nd th bst known. Advrgmng ss th logo ntroducd n sports computr nd dmonstrtons nclud Nstl Nsquck nd Klloggs CocoPops sts, Bsktbll dvrgm for Sprt s ssoctd wth th lst FIBA World Chmponshp n bsktbll, whl Brclys communl dvrgm Trnsd Chllng, to support th bnvolnt humnty ssmbly Trnsd, whch works (prtculrly n Afrc) to dvnc through th trnsport s orgnzd nd gv popl bttr ccss to bsc srvcs such s hlth nd lvlhoods. Advrtsng rfrs to th contnt or th mblm of clps suppld s mn-movs, whn th clss of th nm of th dvrtsr. Exmpls nclud th BMW ls, strrng Clv Own, Brtsh plyr, nd th dvlopmnt of Skyy vodk from www.skyy.com whch houss som of th mn-movs. ctvts n whch th mblm usd s props to nhnc / support th vnt contnt (t th dscrton of th crtor of th vnts). Brnds us ths pth cn b chosn n rlton to th vnts crtor for py or wthout py, whl th prvous s mor common.Russll nd Blch (2005) Th us of hybrd rrngmnts btwn promoton to th frst sttus, nd Hudson nd Hudson (2006) mrkd prod of ntrtnmnt rrngmnts wth ll thr. Trdtonl prformnc vluton for ny knd of nvstmnt t ws rcollcton stmts.

Analysis of Women's Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Womens Education - Essay Example afterward womens expert to education were enacted in America, many of them joined schools to pursue their careers. Among them, Mary Lyon, Miss Catherine Beecher, and Emma Willard become the most outstanding and excellent pioneers in education. This is because they struggled in their respective projects of enhancing girl child education (Slosson, 1921). The three found permanent institutions that offered education to women. It is, therefore, clear that American women are very fortunate for having the three as their leaders. This is because their personalities went far beyond lifting women movement to acquire education. In addition, the three women established academies and school to offer education to the girl child. This provided societal conventions that objected superior education to women in America. On the otherwise hand, Mary Lyon, Miss Catherine Beecher, and Emma Willard opened female seminaries around the country. These seminarie s were meant to open their expression and intension of collecting information for the female education systems. Moreover, their intensions of opening seminaries were meant to enhance reforms and purify education for girl child in the society. Through these seminars, they examined careers in order to expand women sphere in their studies. Their great effort, therefore, played a major quality in reshaping school systems that offer education to women (Slosson, 1921). Emma Willard Emma Willard was born in 1787. She acquired her preliminary education at home through listening to her fathers reading. by and by in life she decided to quit her domestic chores and start reading essays and passages. She then enrolled at a district school to pursue her formal education. After years of her study, she began her career of teaching young children in various schools around the country. During her teaching career, she contributed adversely to the progression and improvement of the girl child educa tion. In the school, Willard dual-lane studies into higher and lighter subjects. Higher subjects included history, languages and mathematics while light subjects were drawing and music. She did this in order to challenge the idea that young girls education was undermined by education. In addition, she also introduced sciences to the school similar to those that were taught in men colleges. Introduction of mathematics and sciences to the school was meant to address male monopoly to such subjects (Maybrey, 1998). in spite of great effort in her career, she never gave up advocating for womens right to education in the society. Her major rule was to enhance reforms in school systems so as to achieve equality in education. This is because of her belief that women are equal with men academically (Maybrey, 1998). She also published a lot of poems and articles that clearly depicted her support for women empowerment. Throughout her career as an author and an educator, she drew attention of the disparity that existed between men and women regarding their education. She did this by devoting her life to revolutionize womens education. Catherine Beecher Catherine Beecher is head known for her great contribution in enhancing womens right to education. She first did this by opening a school that offered quality education to women in society. exchangeable other education pioneers, she developed new teaching skills and evolved her own curriculum. This is

Alfred and Jungian Essay Example for Free

Alfred and Jungian EssayAlfred Adler posited that we develop styles of life that compensate for inborn feelings of inferiority. To overcome such feelings, he stated, we strive for a sense of superiority, defined as a desire to achieve emotional health and completeness. However, Adler believed that individuals argon practically victims of haywire assumptions or inaccurate perceptions of their pasts. These faulty assumptions and the poor choices we make which are based on them, are often a function of our childhood memories, which are affected by our family constellation and birth order. Adler believed that emotional well- cosmos could be gauged by an individualsdegree of social interests or sense of connectedness to others and to the worldwide community. Considered a psychodynamic theory because of its focus on understanding the dynamic forces that shape ones psyche, Adlerian therapy has also been described as one of the first to apply humanistic and systemic concepts.This is b ecause Adler believed that great deal are influenced by family relationships but not shackled by past events and can make new meaning in life by being goal-directed. Adler saw therapy as occurring through a series of stages that included establishing a collaborative relationship, analyzing the clients problems,sharing insights, helping the client reorient to new ways of living, and reinforcing and evaluating the channelise process.Adlerian therapists will often show empathy, conduct a lifestyle assessment, examine ahead of time recollections and dreams, communicate, respect and confidence, focus on strengths and encourage clients, help clients combat faulty assumptions, and focus on goals. Lets see how Dr. Gilchrist uses some of the above techniques to help Shannon examine how early recollections of her family have affected her need to be perfect and how striving for saint results in a fair amount of stress in her life.Jungian analysis assumes that the individual achieves well-b eing through the exploration of what Carl Jung assumed spelling called the personal unconscious and the bodied unconscious. Containing repressed materials from childhood, the personal unconscious is symbolized by Jungs archetype of the shadow self, which represents all parts of the psyche unacceptable to self and others. Jung believed that the close to important task of early adulthood is to bring the contents of the shadow self to awareness and integrate it into the conscious personality. The shadow manifests as the opposite of Jungs concept of the persona,or our public mask. In contrast, the collective unconscious is a universal and transpersonal component of the psyche that contains all human experience and potential. Once the shadow has been embraced, the client can continue in the process of what Jung called individuation, a gradual incorporation of universal archetypal patterns into everyday experience. These archetypes provide blueprints for creative development and manifes t in our dreams, art, religious symbols, and myths.Two of the most significant archetypes are the anima, which represents the feminine within all males, and the animist, which representsthe masculine within all females. Jung believed that the unconscious could be accessed through the imagination as manifested in dreams, escaped association, images, and symbols, as well as what Jung called active imagination.Exploring these symbols and images are a means of understanding the past, relieving psychological symptoms and finding guidance in creating a full and to a greater extent meaningful life. In this role play, watch how Dr. Paula Justice works with Karen as they explore dream images to help the client acknowledge and embrace her shadow self, and how it mightiness be integrated into her public self and waking life.

Law of Increasing Cost Essay Example for Free

Law of Increasing apostrophize Es opineThe three types of unemployment atomic number 18 Structural, Frictional and cyclical Unemployment. Structural unemployment occurs due to the disparity between the skills of a person whose looking for a job and the skills needed for the jobs available thus, the job seekers profession or skills is zero(prenominal) apt(predicate) related to that line of work. Frictional Unemployment is another type of unemployment which is strongly related to structural unemployment as the two both depends on the dynamics changes in the economy.Thus, the community who do not even have work may not accept the first job offered to them because of the skills needed for the job and the salary. On the other hand, Cyclical Unemployment is due to lack of demand for work and is attributed to economic contraction. Cyclical Unemployment- the Government should implement and fund a program where in abjecter and jobless people with capability can be able to have th eir own job and receive necessary givement. In doing such thing they can be able to attach productivity and economic efficiency as well as the workers welfare.Answer to question no. The Law of Increasing Cost states that as the Marginal Cost, say X, increases the Cost of the Product, say Y, decreases and vice versa. Thus, the cost of product is dependent and inversely proportional on the marginal cost of that product. Cost of Product (Y) Marginal Cost (X) Answer to question no. 5 A progressive tax is the rate of the taxes that increases as the tax payers income increases. The system defends on the percentage of income of an individual. Those high-income people should pay higher percentage of tax than those low-income people.An example of progressive tax is a Graduated Tax. The general sales is said to be regressive because everyone including the well-off and the poor utilize it and therefore has to buy goods in order to survive for example clothes, the poor pay more of the percen tage of the sales (clothes) tax compare to the rich people, that is why it is regressive. Answer to question no. 6 Inflation hurt the rich and much more the poor people. In order for the rich to maintain their ways of living they are tend to pay much greater price for the goods and services.In a worse case, the poor may not be able to afford those goods and services, thus it posses a threat to their family and to the economy in general. On the other, economist may benefit from inflation since they can somehow figure inflation rate and thus, make appropriate preparations. Answer to question no. 8 Public Good are goods and services that are available for everyone to consume. Also, economic consumption of these goods does not decrease the availability of the supply. Such good includes information goods and human rights.On the other hand, a private market offers goods that are the exact contrary of public goods, goods that are good for only one consumption and is for everyone to con sume. Thus, the main reason why the public market cannot offer public goods is because public goods are free and the private market, more or less, does not offer free items. Answer to question no. 9 Full employment is define as the state and condition of the national economy, where all of the job seekers are willingly accept the job offers to them regardless of the amount of wages they are about to discharge as well as the working conditions.It clearly indicates 0% of people who do not have job or unemployed. Answer to question no. 10 No. It is the objective of the public market to increase revenue and thus, it important to give greater attention to the benefits that the firm will have or else than that of the society. Because positive externalities mean that the society will gain greater benefit than that of the firm, it is likely that the public market will not be able to call down the socially optimal amount of good that is characterize by positive externalities.

How White People Became White Essay Example for Free

How sporty slew Became White EssayAbstract Biologically speaking, its skillful as possible for a given unobjectionable somebody in Florida to have genetics similar to his neighbor down the street as it would be for the same white person to have genetics similar to a black person in Nigeria. We could just as easily disregard skin color and pay attention to hair and/or eye color. Sociologists make this claim because they argue that the definition of what constitutes a race is something that is arbitrarily decided by society. Additionally, what it means to classify yourself or someone else as a particular race carries social meaning. Sociologist claims that race as a biological concept does not exist. However, the consequences of classifying someone as a certain race as certainly real enough. It needs to be said, though, that not every discipline agrees that race is merely a social construct. Forensic psychology absolutely identifies at least three racial categories. Some gene ticists and epidemiologists also recognize race as a legitimate biological crime syndicate. prevail can be biological and socially constructed at the same time. The big difference is sociologists emphasize social definitions and meanings, rather than the biological aspects of race. By the east European immigration the labor tie has been cleft horizontally into two great divisions. The upper stratum includes what is known in mill parlance as the English-speaking men the lower contains the Hunkies or Ginnies. Or, if you prefer, the former are the white men, the latter the foreigners (Barrett Roediger, 1995).Skin color (whiteness, blackness, yellowness, etc. ) remains a concern in the late 20th century, not because it advances the delegating of multiculturalism, helps us to understand different nation, or allows us, as individuals to congratulate ourselves on our color blindness, but because skin color has been used to rank order people for practical things like jobs, promotions , loans, and housing (Condit Lucaites, 1993). Whiteness refers to a historical systemic structural race-based superiority (Philip C. Wander). You mightthink that because skin color was so substitution to the law, that whiteness and blackness were carefully defined and easy to understand. They were defined by law, but they were not easy to understand in practice. The inferior were, by divinitys will, destined to be enslaved by the superior. Slave property became totally identified with people who happened to have black skin, the color that had always horrified the westerly (Kovel, 1984, p. 21). Abraham Lincoln believed in the racial superiority of white people, although he felt blacks should be paid a fair days wage for their work.People in the South thought he was an abolitionist in disguise. The confusion and the horror surrounding these complexities emerged, after the Civil War, in Jim Crow laws designed to obtain the races apart. The law, pressured by the leaky nature of rac ial categories, devised a one drop theory-if you had one drop of non-white blood in your veins, you could not qualify as white. passim our history, whiteness has de jure speaking, been a form of property (Harris Wander 1971).In the twentieth century, these fears gained a great deal of social legitimacy thanks to the efforts of an important network of aristocrats and scientists who developed theories of eugenicsbreeding for a better humanityand scientific racism. Key to these efforts was Madison Grants influential Passing of the Great Race, in which he shared his discovery that there were three or four major European races ranging from the superior Nordics of northwestern Europe to the inferior southern and eastern races of Alpines, Mediterraneans, and, worst of all, Jews, who seemed to be everywhere in his native New York City (Brodkin).Creating a separate ethnic category within the racial category of White seemed to solve the problem of how to count Hispanics without racializin g them as non-Whites, as it had done in 1930 (Neil Foley). To identify oneself today as a Hispanic is partially to roll in the hay ones ethnic heritage without surrendering ones whitenesswhiteness with a twist of salsa, enough to make one ethnically flavorful and culturally exotic without, however, compromising ones racial privilege as a White person.The majority of Mexicans in the United States were therefore recognized by the census, if not the courts, as non-Whites. Although having their whiteness restored did not lessen discrimination, the Mexican government and Mexican Americans fully understood the implications of being officially or legally recognized as a non-White group (Foley). Segregation statues consistently defined all those without African ancestry as whites. Chinese and Mexicans in Texas were thus White under state laws governing the segregation of the races (Foley).After World War II, a French reporter was asked, If there are any Negro problems? The causality r eplied, There isnt any Negro problem there is only a white problem. By inverting the reporters question, Wright called attention to its hidden assumptionsthat racial polarization comes from the existence of blacks rather than from the behavior of white, that black people are a problem for whites rather than fellow citizens entitled to justice, and that unless otherwise specified, Americans means white (Lipsitz).Whiteness is everywhere in U.S. culture, but it is very hard to see. White power secures its dominance by seeming not to be anything in particular. Race is a cultural construct, but one with sinister structural causes and consequences. Conscious and deliberate actions have institutionalized group identity in the Unites States, not just through the dissemination of cultural stories, but also through systematic efforts from colonial times to the present to create economic advantages through a possessive case investment in whiteness for European Americans (Lipsitz).References Wander, P. C. (1971). The savage child The image of the Negro in the proslavery movement. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 57, 335-360. Condit, C. , Lucaites, J. (1993). Crafting equality Americas Anglo-African world. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Roediger, D. (1991). The wages of whiteness Race and the making of the American working class. New York Verso. Lipstiz, George. (1998) The Possessive Investment in Whitness How White People make headway from Identity Politics. Philadelphia Temple University Press.

Robotic surgery

Robotic cognitive processInformation Technology in Medicine Should patients trust zombiic mental process1 Introduction to the topicRobots atomic number 18 ubiquitous today. They atomic number 18 implant in our cars, in our houses, in our industries inside buildings and to places we neglect to nonice. We trust robots to do everyday chores for us either by knowing directly or indirectly. Robots atomic number 18 becoming part of our lives and we draw all accepted it.Today technology has advanced so that it allows for innovative robotic musical arrangements to be inserted in the medical field. New materials, ideas and proficient advancements bring robotics into medicine. Robotics in medicine entails many advantages and benefits for both the doctors and the patients. But there be also some limitations in robotic mathematical process that cause doubt and incertitude to people.However, as it happens with every new technological growth, people pauperisation succession to b ecome familiar with it, to accept it and finally trust it. So the question is if the terra firma is ready to accept and trust robots in health and much specifically in cognitive process. There go away be people who ar pioneers and enjoy attempt something new, people who are skeptical and need to know everything ab surface it before agreeing and people who pass on be afraid no matter how much check theyre given. There give noticenot be an abrupt transition from classical surgeries without robots to surgeries all aided with robots. Gradually, the surgeries aided with robots will increase as peoples bonk and trust increases.2 IT background signal2.1 History of robotics Most of us when we hear the word robot we hypothesize of science fiction movies showing robots of the future, be allowing outstanding tasks. In detail, most of these robots seen are now everyday reality reservation our lives more convenient. One definition that could be given to a robot is a reprogrammable multi-functional manipulator designed to get material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.1Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, their design, manufacturing, and applications. It is related to electronics, mechanics, and software.ht_2bunimate_080415_sshRobots could not be manufactured until the mid-sixties when transistors and integrated circuits were invented. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added intellect to the power of already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing when they disclosed a computer- go outled milling machine.2The first digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and pile them.3Commercial and industrial robots are ubiquitous in performing jobs better, cheaper, more accurately and reliably t han humans. They are also found in jobs that are too hazardous, dirty or long-winded for humans.42.2 Robotics in military operation5Robotics in medicine is a fairly new, yet advancing field. It is now introduced in medicine, in the field of process as it allows for exceptional go through and precision of surgical devices in minimally invasive procedures. Robotic surgery has as its main goal to design robots that will be able to be utilise in performing closed-chest, beating-heart surgery in collaboration with the operating surgeons.Munich_OR_415Today numerous surgical robots have been adopted by many operating meanss all everyplace the world. operative robots are not actually autonomous surgeons capable of performing assignments on their own, but a helping assistant of the surgeons.A number of commercial message corporations have been founded in hunting lodge to create surgical robotic trunks. Computer Motion, Inc. developed the AESOP Endoscope Positioner a voice-activate d robotic system for endoscopic surgery.In January 1999, Intuitive launched the DaVinci running(a) System, which is class as a master-slave surgical system as it uses true 3-D visualization.In 2001 Computer Motion, Inc built the SOCRATES Robotic Telecollaboration System as well. It includes integrated telecommunication equipment on with the robotic devices in state to provide remote surgical telecollaboration.Computer Motion merged with Intuitive Surgical, Inc., in June of 2003.They introduced the ZEUS Surgical System.3 Robotic operating theater SystemsRobotic surgery systems are divided into three types supervisory- visitled systems, shared-control systems and telesurgical systems. These systems differ in the superstar that in each case there is a variant degree of involvement of the surgeon. In some cases, the feat is carried out by the robotic system with a minimal intervention of the doctor. In other cases, the surgery is performed by the doctor with the help of the robo tic system.3.1 Supervisory-controlled systems 6supervisorySupervisory-controlled systems are the most automated systems of all. But they still need the guidance of the surgeon and an extensive preparation before the initiation of the surgery. The surgeon inputs information and programs the robotic system to remark certain instructions. However, once these robots have been programmed, and start operating there is no option for ad retributivements and thats why the surgeon must keep a close delay of the surgery in the need of intervention.As it is known, not all people have the same luggage compartment structure and so it is not possible to have standard instructions for the robot to follow.This is done in three stages planning, registration and navigation.In the planning stage, the surgeon captures images of the patients body. As soon as the surgeon has imaged the patient, he must determine the path that the robot will take to operate.The next stage is registration, in which the s urgeon links the images obtained before with hints on the patients body. In order for the surgery to be completed triumphfully, the points must be positioned precisely according to the patients body.The final stage is navigation, which is the actual surgery. In this stage the surgeon places the patient and the robot so as the movements of the robotic system to follow the programmed instructions. When all preparations are complete, the robot is activated and the surgery is carried out.3.2 Shared-control robotic systems7Shared-control robotic systems are a helping hand for the surgeons. The operation is carried out only by the surgeon who uses the robotic system manually in order to have greater efficiency. The robotic system monitors the surgeons actions during the operation and provides support and stability by supple constraint.7 Active constraint is the process of labelling regions of the patients body with one of the four possibilities safe, close, boundary and forbidden. Surg eons label safe regions the regions that are appropriate for the robot to be and to operate. For instance, a close region house be found in orthopaedic surgery in orthopaedic surgery, near the soft tissues. Many orthopaedic surgery tools can damage the soft tissue and so the robot limits the area that the surgery is safe to take place. This is done using haptic technology8, which is the science and physiology of the sense of touch. This means that as the surgeon approaches the boundary region he will start feeling a resistive force and as he speak to the forbidden region the force is getting larger and once he enters the forbidden region the robotic system stops operating immediately. But in order for the robotic system to know which are those regions, the surgeon must program it first as it is done with the supervisory controlled systems.3.3 Telesurgical systems 9Telesurgery is a field of telemedicine that was developed in fresh years and holds great interest. Today it can be se en as a two way transmission of picture and sound, allowing the communication between surgeons of little experience and surgeons of great experience to cooperate no matter the distance separating them.Also it is chthonianstood, this technology needs highly advanced software in order for the affectation to be feasible in the remote surgery room. For this purpose, systems of virtual reality are required that allow the surgeons that are in a different room or city or country to have an actual image of the operating room and of the procedure. Robots with television camera will provide a better reference of the images as they will be in colour and enlarged.3.3.1 Da Vinci Surgical System 10The Da Vinci Robot is probably one of the most well-known robotic surgery systems in the world. It is a robotic system that is used in minimally invasive surgery, which means that the robot makes a petite aperture in the patients body that brings many tyrannical results.DaVinci-Robot During the sur gery, the surgeon sits in a console inside the operating room and handles the surgical tools of the robot. later the patient has been anaesthetized, three apertures are made on the patients body allowing the rods to enter. On the screen the surgeon observes the 3D image that the camera is transmitting through the patients body and which is handled by joysticks. The camera sees every movement of the robot and can be activated or deactivated any time from a button.11 Every surgical arm is connected with a surgical tool and there is camera in the end of the main arm. One of the rods has a camera on it while the others have surgical tools able to cut, remove or stitch the tissues. The robotic system uses the same stitches and materials used in the traditional surgery.The surgeon can bend and rotate the arms like the human wrist guaranteeing increased percentage of success and important benefits much for the patient as for the surgeon.The Da Vinci robotic system includes a lenses syste m of three-dimensional view, which can make the surgical field as 15 times larger. Also, the camera allows the surgeon to go closer at the point of surgery than the human vision can and so the surgeon can perform the operation in a smaller scale than the conventional surgery allows.3.3.2 genus Zeus Robotic Surgical System12The robotic surgical system Zeus was the first system to be used in 1999 to perform the first full endoscopic robotic surgery bypass with a beating heart.It consists of three basic parts1. 1zeusconsoleAn ergonomic control console2. the central control computer3. Robotic arms, which move with the movement of the surgeons hand.The surgeon sits comfortably in the surgical seat and handles the tools that are placed inside the patient. After the surgeons movements have been digitalized they are filtered, thinned and transmitted to the computers control station, which transfers those movements through an electromechanical interface to the robotic arms and to the tools.I n addition, Zeus robotic system enhances the optical field of the surgery by enlarging it and also with the help of AESOP robotic system the surgeons hands are free to handle the surgical tools.3.3.3 AESOP Robotic Surgical System 13AESOP Robotic surgical system was developed by Computer Motion Inc. The period when it first came out, the surgeon could control the robotic arm remotely, manually or with a foot pedal but the most youthful edition of AESOP 3000 is controlled with voice commands.The robotic arm contains and moves a camera which is used in MIS surgeries for the observation of the surgical field. The camera is placed at the edge of the robotic arm and is inserted in the patients body through an aperture of around(predicate) 2cm. The robotic system AESOP is the surgeons third arm. By using simple commands such as AESOP, move up or AESOP, move leave, the surgeon tells the robot to move the camera as he wishes. Every surgeon records his voice and has a voice card that is i nserted into the system whenever he operates, in order for the robot to identify the commands. Usually the system flirts well. The robot may sometimes not recognize the tone of the voice of the surgeon is different from the recorded voice. But there is a support system with which the surgeon can handle manually if something like this happens.3.3.4 SOCRATES Telecollaboration System 14Socrates telecollaboration system was the first system to be approved (October 2001) for the new-founded category telesurgery robotic systems. It consists of advanced telecommunication equipment that is connected with medical devices and robotic systems. The system gives the surgeon who is at a remote location the opportunity to work with another surgeon who may be in an operating room across the globe. The system provides real time view of the surgery. In collaboration with Zeus robotic system, Socrates is the first fundamental step that marks the start of minimally invasive telesurgery. In 2001 Socrat es robot along with Zeus robotic system performed the first translantic surgery. On kinsfolk 7th, 2001 a group of surgeons in New York performed a cholecystectomy surgery on a patient located in France with the help of doctors that were there. The console and the robot were connected with fiber optic wires. This surgery was first tested on six pigs.That was the first complete telesurgical process that was performed by surgeons 7000 away from their patient. The patient left the hospital 48 hours after the operation and returned to his social activities a week later.4 Advantages and Limitations 154.1 AdvantagesThe advantages of robotic surgery are listed below1. Tinniest incisions result in* Faster recovery* Shorter hospital stay and reduced costs* Less pain and fear* Less blood loss* Cosmetic benefit* Reduced risk of infection or complications* Less anesthesia required2. Better sterilization3. Robot immune to radiation and infections.4. No muscle tremor or fatigue.5. Elimination o f need for force out resulting in lower costs for the hospitals.6. Shorter return to everyday activities(1-2 weeks)7. Telesurgery The ability to perform surgery from a different operating room.8. A 3D camera provides an compound view.9. Robots reach places that surgeons alone couldnt before.10. Can be designed for a wide range of scales.11. Surgeons dont get tired quickly as theyre seated and have slight eye strain and they have the ability to control their natural flinching or nerves more effectively.4.2 LimitationsHowever some of its disadvantages and concerns are1. Robotic systems have highly tangled software and it is very difficult to program and debug them.2. Costs including the robotic systems ($750.000-$1 million), the maintenance and the training of surgeons are considerably high.3. Since the need of personnel will be minimized, some surgeons will be left unemployed.4. Telesurgery is based by a large percentage on the transmission of information between two locations. T he more the distance between the two locations the more the time delay is inserted. This increased the period between the action and the result and after a certain point this makes surgery impossible in real time.5. Synchronization during telesurgery is very critical and is not easy to attain.6. Telesurgery is highly dependent on the security and reliability of the network.5 Robotic Surgery in Greece 16The first robotic navigation system used in a surgery procedure in Greece is the Vector Vision II system in Ygeia (see www.ygeia.gr) hospital in Athens.In February 2003 the robotic surgical system Aesop curtilage was used to perform the first laparoscopic operation in the General Hospital of Crete, Greece.Aesop 1000 is being improved in the labs of University of Crete and will be released as Aesop 2000 and Aesop 3000 and soon is expected to be used in more complex operations and surgeries.In addition, the school of medicine in the University of Athens offers advanced courses on robot ic surgery. The course aims to teach basic robotic surgery skills such as instrument manipulation, camera control among others. This is done using the Da Vinci surgical system.171stdayIn November 8th,2006 the opening day of the Da Vinci robotic system took place in the Athens Medical Center Hospital.The president of the authoritative Scientific Robotic Surgical Association Prof. K. Konstantinidis explained the fundamental principles of the Da Vinci robot to Greek ministers and the establishment of the Hellenic Scientific Society of Robotic Surgery.The first aggregate hysterectomy in Greece was successfully carried out with the latest-generation Da Vinci Robotic Surgery System at the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centre of Athens HYGEIA. the operation was broadcasted in real time during the daily conference held at the Hospital on Tuesday, July 1st 2008, titled Robotic Surgery in Gynaecology.185.1 Survey analysisA survey was conducted during October and November 2009 in Athens more or less robotic surgery, in which 73 people answered (ages 14-50). The survey included a questionnaire and it was distributed by email. Robotic surgery in Greece is in its infancy so it is quite concludeable to see that 72% of the people asked knew nothing about robotic surgery.6 Social Concerns 6.1 Safety Safety is the prime concern of patients and doctors. People today have trouble trusting robotic devices in general and in the case of their healthcare the issue of trust is intensified. First of all, there is always the possibility of errors happening as total safety is a fallacy. Robots are programmed by humans who in turn are not infallible and are prone to make mistakes. In the case of robotic surgery a fault could have serious health injuries or death. Thus, the probability of errors must be kept at a very low level and in the case of a malfunction the system must be programmed to shut down immediately. Afterwards, the surgeon will have to take over complete the operation ma nually. So, it is obvious that the presence of a human doctor is mandatory and critical. There are many things that can go wrong which experts must take under serious consideration. Some line of works resulting in system failures can be flawed design of the system, malfunction of software and hardware19or misinterpretation and inadequate specification. In order to decease the possibility of errors, mechanics must undergo heavy testing and reasoning about infinite scenarios. Also surgeons must prepare the robotic system cautiously so as not to forget anything which can backfire. They also need to have contingency plans like converting the robotic surgery to open surgery.20The increased testing and reasoning is time-consuming and usually involves high costs. redden though safety is a big issue, 41% of the people asked would go through a robotic surgery.This can be considered a good percentage as 65% of the people asked believed that robotic surgery is safe and reliable.6.2 Reliabili ty and knowledgeNowadays most people dont trust robots very easily. The reason for this is the lack of information and the fear that these robots/machines can harm them in a physical level or in a professional level.As it can be seen from the above 88% of the people asked have heard of robotic surgery but 56% of the people asked claimed to know very little about it.As it is stressed in a website about robotic surgery, and prostate cancer surgery in particular, most people worry about the side effects it could have on them such as sexual dysfunction and impotence.21 Another concern was the fear of the robotic system and the probability of errors, but most people do a little research before resorting to robotic surgery. This way they minimize their worries and concerns. However, there still are people who despite the evidence dont trust robots with their health.Therefore, robotic surgery needs time to become known and trusted by the people. This percentage of 56% must be minimized and increase the percentage of knowledge. In the future, as robotic surgery will start being implemented into hospitals, there will be many surgeries done, successful or not, which will enhance robotic surgery by correcting the errors, the failures and any problem that may arise. This way, patients who had successful operations will spread the word and people will become more aware and acquainted with this new technological development.7. Elevating concerns, solution problemsRobotics in surgery is a great helping tool, which holds many benefits and advantages for the surgeons and the patients. However, since it is still at an early stage of development there are problems in need for resolutions.One great concern is the reliability and safety in delicate surgical procedures. We cannot deny that machines are made from humans, who are not infallible and olibanum tend to make mistakes. Whether the surgery is done by a plethora of surgeons or by a single surgeon and a robot there is defin itely the possibility of error.As with every new technology, people need time to get familiar with it and to start trusting it. Thus robotic-aided surgery just needs time to advance and to become more well-known. People who go through robotic surgery procedures will spread the good news. The media will start making more coverage of the issue as they learn about more cases. As mentioned by many patients in the Da Vinci website, they were very pleased with the surgery and the recovery time which proved to be shorter than expected.22 Furthermore, the training of surgeons may take a while but it does not compare having to do a 6-hour surgery above the patient, getting tired and stressed with a 4-hour surgery sitting in the robotic device some metres away from the patient. The surgeon will tire less(prenominal) and will finish the surgery in less time. As far as the costs are concerned, patients in the Da Vince website did not worry about the costs so much because they were dealings with their health. And most people will do anything for their well-being.238. FutureRobotic surgery has made quite a progress and development but it still has a long way to go. Many obstacles will be dealt with time and undoubtedly some new concerns may appear. Questions such as malpractice liability, credentialing, training requirements and license granting will have to be resolved in the future.Most people on the survey (49% to be exact) answered that robots could have negative implications on employment as robots will do most of the work that humans currently do and many of related jobs will be reduced.However, as mentioned in the advantages chapter, new fields are inserted into robotic surgery such as telemedicine, which shows that new needs for personnel emerge.Also it is quite interesting to note how the people asked are divided into three groups based on their answers concerning robotic surgeries in the futureThere is a 64% of the people asked who have a positive outlook on robot ic surgeries in the future and a 36% who are quite intimidated and afraid of this potential change. Part of this comes from the lack of information about robotic surgery and from the fact that it is still in an early stage.As far as robotic surgery is concerned, there is much to be done until it can reach its full potential. Even though, these robotic systems have enhanced dexterity significantly, they still need to advance the full potential in instrumentation or to integrate the full range of centripetal input.Most people when hear about robotics, they think of automation. The possibility of automating some tasks is both exciting and controversial. Future systems might entail the ability for a surgeon to program the surgery and merely supervise as the robot performs most of the tasks. The possibilities for improvement and advancement are only limited by imagination and cost.9. cultureRobotic surgery may be at an early stage, but that does not mean that it has not demonstrated it s potential and significance, particularly in areas previously untracked by traditional procedures. However, it still remains to be seen if robotic surgery will replace completely conventional instruments in less technically demanding procedures.Robotic technology will bring major changes in surgery by enhancing and nailing laparoscopic procedures, advancing surgical technology and thus bringing surgery into the digital age. Not to mention, it possesses the potential to expand surgical treatment beyond the limits of human ability. The benefits of robotic surgery outweigh the costs.10. Bibliography10.1 Online (World Wide Web) SourcesPearl Tesler, Universal Robots The history and workings of robots, 10 October 2009Wikipedia, Robotics,16 July 2009History of robotic surgery, Overview of Major Surgical Robotic Systems and Companies,17 July 2009William Harris, How Haptic Technology Works, 4 September 2009http//electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/other-gadgets/haptic-technology.htmYout ube, Robotic surgery demonstration, July 24, 2007, 7 September 2009http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NZLpWrJGgk Youtube, Robotic Surgery, April 05, 2007,15 September 2009Youtube, Robotic Heart Surgery, February 12, 2007, 19 September 2009Youtube, Robotic Heart Surgery Allen Raczkowski, MD, February 03, 2009, 25 September 2009http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=LezbxU5P1ucRobotic Surgery in Greece,22 April 2009,8 October 2009http//roboticsurgery.grRobotic Surgery, Simulation assisted training in Robotic Surgery,15 January 2010Robotic SurgeryROBOTIC SURGERY IN TELEMEDICINE HYGEIA S.A. The first total hysterectomy in Greece with the da Vinci S Robotic System,1 July 2008,20 January 2010http//www.kapetanakis-center.gr/www_eng/news/010708.pdfRobotic Surgery blog, Robotic reliability, 2 March 2007,17 January 2010http//www.njurology.com/RoboticSurgeryBlog/robotic_surgery_basics/Da Vinci Surgery, Patient Stories, 25 January 2010http//www.davincistories.com/search-stories/search-stories-result.html? start=15condition=Prostate%20Cancer10.2 Works-research papers , (da Vinci, Ze ,Hermes). .( Despoina Xisaroglou ,Robotic Surgical Systems, Problems and perspectives (accessed July 23rd,2009) Carolean GL Cao Gary Rogers, Tufts University, Robotics in healthcare, (accessed June 12th ,2009) Sunitha M.V, Robotic surgery, seminar report, August 2008 (accessed July 10th, 2009) (Grinis Athanasios), (robotic surgery) (accessed September 13th,2009)11. Appendix 11.1 Robotic surgery Questionnaire1. Have you heard about robotic surgery?a) Yesb) No2. How much do you know about robotic surgery?a) A lotb) Very littlec) Almost nothing3.Do you know anything about robotic surgery in Greece?a) I know quite a few thingsb) I know very littlec) I know nothing4.Have you heard of any of the following robotic systems?a) Da Vincib) Zeusc) AESOPd) Socrates Robotic Systeme) none of them5. Do you think robots can perform surgery better than humans?a) Yesb) Noc) Im not sured) Maybe in the future6. Do yo u think that robots could have negative implications on employment?a) Yesb) Noc) Im not sure7. Would you undergo a surgery aided with a robotic system?a) Yesb) Noc) Im not sured) If absolutely necessary8. Do you think that robotic surgery is safe and reliable?a) Yesb) No9. Would you avoid a robotic surgery due to costs?a) Yesb) No10. How would you describe a future where all surgeries are done by robots?a) Very appealingb) Very useful and time-savingc) Not so happy about it.d) Quite frightening.61 Robot Institute of America, hf issues in surgery. 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